Eukaryotic elongation factors

Eukaryotic elongation factors are very similar to those in prokaryotes.

Elongation in eukaryotes is carried out with two elongation factors: eEF-1 and eEF-2.

The first is eEF-1, and has two subunits, α and βγ. α acts as counterpart to prokaryotic EF-Tu, mediating the entry of the aminoacyl tRNA into a free site of the ribosome. βγ acts as counterpart to prokaryotic EF-Ts, serving as the guanine nucleotide exchange factor for α, catalyzing the release of GDP from α.

The second elongation factor is eEF-2, the counterpart to prokaryotic EF-G, catalyzing the translocation of the tRNA and mRNA down the ribosome at the end of each round of polypeptide elongation.

External links

nobelprize.org Explaining the function of eukaryotic elongation factors

Protein biosynthesis: translation (prokaryotic, eukaryotic)

Ribosomal proteins

Initiation factor

Prokaryotic	PIF-1 · PIF-2 · PIF-3

Archaeal	aIF1 · aIF2 · aIF5 · aIF6

Eukaryotic	eIF1 (EIF1AX, AY, 1B) eIF2 (EIF2S1, EIF2S2, EIF2S3) · EIF2B1, EIF2B2, EIF2B3, EIF2B4, EIF2B5 · EIF-2 kinase eIF3 (EIF3A, B, C, D, F, G, H, I, J, K, M, S6) eIF4 (EIF4A2, A3, B, E1, E2, G1, G2, G3, H) eIF5 (EIF5A, A2, B) eIF6 (EIF6)

Elongation factor

Prokaryotic	EF-Tu, EF-Ts, EF-G

Archaeal	aEF-1, aEF-2

Eukaryotic	EEF-1 (EEF1A1, EEF1A2, EEF1A3, EEF1B1, EEF1B2, EEF1B3, EEF1B4, EEF1D, EEF1E1, EEF1G) · EEF2

Release factor

Prokaryotic · Archaeal · Eukaryotic (ETF1)

Other

RPS1 · RPS2 · RPS3 · RPS4 · RPS5 · RPS6 · RPS7 · RPS8 · RPS9 · RPS10 · RPS11 · RPS12 · RPS13 · RPS14 · RPS15 · RPS16 · RPS17 · RPS18 · RPS19 · RPS20 · RPS21 · RPS22 · RPS23 · RPS24 · RPS25 · RPS26 · RPS27 · RPS28 · RPS29

Other concepts

Aminoacyl tRNA synthetase · Reading frame · Start codon · Stop codon · Shine-Dalgarno sequence/Kozak consensus sequence

see also disorders of translation and posttranslational modification
B bsyn: dna (repl, cycl, reco, repr) · tscr (fact, tcrg, nucl, rnat, rept, ptts) · tltn (risu, pttl, nexn) · dnab, rnab/runp · stru (domn, 1°, 2°, 3°, 4°)

Hydrolases: acid anhydride hydrolases (EC 3.6)

3.6.1

Pyrophosphatase (Inorganic, Thiamine) · Apyrase · Thiamine-triphosphatase

3.6.2

Adenylylsulfatase · Phosphoadenylylsulfatase

3.6.3-4: ATPase

3.6.3

Cu++ (3.6.3.4)	Menkes/ATP7A · Wilson/ATP7B

Ca+ (3.6.3.8)	SERCA (ATP2A1, ATP2A2, ATP2A3) · Plasma membrane (ATP2B1, ATP2B2, ATP2B3, ATP2B4) · SPCA (ATP2C1, ATP2C2)

Na+/K+ (3.6.3.9)	ATP1A1 · ATP1A2 · ATP1A3 · ATP1A4 · ATP1B1 · ATP1B2 · ATP1B3 · ATP1B4

H+/K+ (3.6.3.10)	ATP4A

Other P-type ATPase	ATP8B1 · ATP10A · ATP11B · ATP12A · ATP13A2 · ATP13A3 ·

3.6.4

Dynein · Kinesin · Myosin

3.6.5: GTPase

3.6.5.1: Heterotrimeric G protein	G_αs · G_αi (GNAI1, GNAI2, GNAI3) · G_αq/11 (GNAQ, GNA11) · G_α12/13 (GNA12, GNA13) · Transducin (GNAT1, GNAT2)

3.6.5.2: Small GTPase > Ras superfamily	Rho family of GTPases: Cdc42 (CDC42, TC10, TCL) • RhoUV (RhoU, RhoV) • Rac (Rac1, 2, 3, RhoG) • RhoBTB (1, 2) • RhoH • Rho (A, B, C) • Rnd (1, 2, 3) • RhoDF (RhoF, RhoD) other: Ras (HRAS, KRAS, NRAS) · Rab (RAB23, RAB27) · Arf (ARF6, SAR1B, ARL13B, ARL6) · Ran · Rheb · Rap

3.6.5.3: Protein-synthesizing GTPase	Prokaryotic (IF-2, EF-Tu, EF-G) · Eukaryotic

3.6.5.5-6: Polymerization motors	Dynamin · Tubulin

B enzm: 1.1/2/3/4/5/6/7/8/10/11/13/14/15-18, 2.1/2/3/4/5/6/7/8, 2.7.10, 2.7.11-12, 3.1/2/3/4/5/6/7, 3.1.3.48, 3.4.21/22/23/24, 4.1/2/3/4/5/6, 5.1/2/3/4/99, 6.1-3/4/5-6